Patients with pneumonias caused by bacteria such as S. pneumoniae or Haemophilus species characteristically have acute onset (3???5 days) of symptoms, including fevers, chills, rigors, chest pain or pleurisy, cough productive of purulent sputum, and dyspnea.22 They are often febrile and the presence of fever, tachycardia, or hypotension can be an indicator of sepsis.