Individualism as such, is a rather modern phenomenon of culture, which began in 16th-century England through the work of such philosophers as Kant, Bacon, Rousseau, Hume and Locke (Farr 1982: 15-37; Hauser 1994: 25-53, 97-123; Kopper 1979: vii-ix; Kopper 1983: 48-92, 93-113, 124-193; Loeb 1981: 25-75).