Plant isoforms of PLD were first purified from cabbage and castor bean; PLD?? was ultimately cloned and characterized from a variety of plants, including rice, corn, and tomato.[1] Plant PLDs have been cloned in three isoforms: PLD??, PLD??, and PLD??.[6] More than half a century of biochemical studies have implicated phospholipase D and PA activity in a wide range of physiological processes and d