The laws of Vector Algebra are 1. x + y = y + x (1.33 a-e) 2. [ x + y ] + z = x + [ y + z ] 3. a[ x + y ] = a x + a y where a is a scalar 4. (a + b) x = a x + b y where a,b are scalars 5. (ab) x = a(b x ) where a,b are scalars If a = 1 and b = then x + [ x ] = 0 where 0 = [0, 0, ...0] is the zero vector.