. . "Stage 1 performs no work: stage 2 rears the brood and feeds all castes; stage 3 ripens nectar and cleans the nest: stage 4 ventilates the nest and carries debris out; stage 5 guards the entrance and forages for nectar, pollen and propolis.7A detailed description is given of activities in the nest.8Foraging takes place mainly in the morning.9There is a heavy brood mortality." . .