. "Such reference levels could be used for comparison to the levels of the one or more biomarkers in a biological sample from a subject.V. Monitoring Therapeutic Efficacy:The biomarkers provided also allow for the assessment of the efficacy of a composition for treating a disease or condition such as insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, or cardiomyop" . . . . . .