. . . . "Before World War I, modernist culture had flourished elsewhere, above all in Munich, the Bavarian capital in south Germany, where artists such as Vassily Kandinsky, Alexei Jawlensky, Franz Marc, and August Macke pioneered abstract and semi-abstract paintings in the group they dubbed Der Blaue Reiter??????the blue rider.??? Here, too radical clubs and cabarets, little socialist or anarchist magazin" . .