. . "A comparative ??CT method was used to compare each condition with controls, and values were expressed as 2?????CT. The relative levels of miRNAs in tissues were normalized to U6, a ubiquitously expressed small nuclear RNA. For quantification of sera and urinary miRNA, an equal amount of the synthetic plant MIR168a was spiked in each serum sample prior to RNA extraction to serve as internal control" . .