"In provinces such as Liaoning and Hebei, party chapters were sometimes described as branches\" sometimes as preparatory committees. 100 Yanzheng shengming (Solemn Declaration), signed by the China National Preparatory Committee, dated October 1, 1999, on file at Human Rights Watch. 101 Zhejiang zhongguo minzhudang fuzeren Nie Minzhi `guoqing' bei bu (Zhejiang CDP Leader Nie Minzhi Detained Dur" . . . . .