The method of claim 18, wherein said surface is a polymeric surface selected from the group consisting of LDPE, HDPE, PP, nylon, and PET; said tri(alkoxy)Si???O-(alkyl)-NH2 reagent is 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; said l,n-dihaloalkane is 1,4-dibromobutane; said amine-containing polymer is a poly(4-vinylpyridine); and said alkyl halide is 1-bromohexane. 26.