Over the past four decades, human and animal studies have confirmed anti-inflammatory properties of three commercialized sources of GLA: the oils of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis; 8 to 12% GLA), borage (Borago officinalis; 18 to 26% GLA), and black currant (Ribes nigrum; 13 to 17% GLA), for treating inflammatory conditions including arthritis and psoriasis; and for preventing diabetic neurop