Further, specific molecules in or on the cell, such as proteins or genetic material, could be inactivated bv the directed energy beam (Grate and Wilson, Laser-mediated, site-specific inactivation of RNA transcripts, PNAS 96:6131-6136 (1999); Jay, D. G., Selective destruction of protein function by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation, PNAS 85:5454-5458 (1988)).