s such as [1115] Examples of polar group-containing monomer represented by the formula (8) wherein Y is [1116] (R is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group) include [1117] bicyclic esters such as [1118] bicyclic diesters such as [1119] tetracyclic esters such as [1120] , and [1121] tetracyclic diesters such as [1122] Examples of polar group-containing monomer represented by the formula (8) wherein