These independent variables were entered as dichotomous variables in the model: gender (male vs. female), age (< 50 years, ??? 50 years), ethnicity (African-American vs. other, including Whites and Hispanics), education (less than college vs. college and greater), immigrant family history (yes vs. no), herbal use by family members (yes vs. no), and clinic clientele (high SES vs. low SES).