In Brazil, defamation is a crime, which is prosecuted either as ???defamation??? (three months to a year in prison, plus fine; Article 139 of the Penal Code), ???calumny??? (six months to two years in prison, plus fine; Article 138 of the PC) and/or ???injury??? (one to six months in prison, or fine; Article 140), with aggravating penalties when the crime is practised in public (Article 141, item