We excluded 28 participants with missing HbA1c concentrations at visit 2 and 20 with missing serum creatinine levels at ARIC visit 1 or visit 2; 229 with an estimated GFR (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at either ARIC visit 1 or visit 2; 3 participants who reported race as other than white or African American; and 8 African Americans from the Minnesota and Washington County study centers.