It is unlikely that EMS will be called for a toddler with a nosebleed after nose-picking or exploring with a crayon; however, if the child has an underlying medical problem that could lead to bleeding disorders, such as excessive coughing from pertussis, liver disease, leukemia or nasal tumors, EMS might be called to assist in transport of a sick child who now has a nosebleed.6 Traumatic collision