A greater ??-3 PUFA intake was associated with a reduced risk for ALS. Consuming both ??-linolenic acid ( which can be found in foods including flaxseeds, flaxseed oil, canola (rapeseed) oil, soybeans and soybean oil, pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil, perilla seed oil, tofu, walnuts, and walnut oil) and marine ??-3 PUFAs contributed to this association.