Table 2 shows the frequencies of different combinations of ??-lactamase genes in A. baumannii strains (n = 55), with blaVIM-1, blaAmpC, blaOXA23 and blaOXA51 as the most frequent combination.Lineages of OXA-23-positive A. baumannii have spread around the world to places including France, Bulgaria, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Tunisia, Brazil, Australia and other countries.