Sorry for that, Robbie the Robot's favorite warning or forecast :) and I could not help myself :)Bolt torque, and flanges and pipe, easy!John H Bickford, from memory gives: Tin = Fp.d.k ((lb.in, NOT! lb.ft) or (N.m)), where Tin = Torque input, Fp = Bolt preload, d = nominal bolt diameter, and k is a fudge factor depending on many variables.