With reference to FIGS. 12A and 12B, there are illustrated steps A and B, respectively, of FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C. FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing the drilling of channels 600 within the defect using a drill 608 to stimulate blood flow and induce the biological reconstructive healing response of the underlying area at the cartilage and/or osteochondral injury site.