duced subgraph of U. Then, the PageRank contribution isgiven by Cont(U,p) = PR(p,G(U)) PR(p,G)G(V???{v})?? ) is the out-degree 100% of p i (i.e., the number of hyperlinks from p i pointing to some pages other than p i ),and d is a damping factor which models the random transitions on the Web.