An agent that modulates Gal1 polypeptide activity can be an agent as described herein, such as a nucleic acid or a polypeptide, a naturally-occurring binding partner of a Gal1 polypeptide, a Gal1 antibody, a combination of Gal1 antibodies and antibodies against other immune related targets, a Gal1 agonist or antagonist, a peptidomimetic of a Gal1 agonist or antagonist, a Gal1 peptidomimetic, other