Once the next-state look-up table has been defined, the table can be implemented within an encoder, as described in more detail below, by means of look-up table read only memories (ROMs), software, or other means as called for by the particular application. [0098] 16 State Cyclic Trellis Code for 16 Star OAM Signals in AWGN [0099]FIG. 14 depicts a one level partitioned 16 Star QAM signal constella