Hippocampal upregulation of adenosine kinase and hippocampal seizuresThe arguments described above thus support the ADK hypothesis of epileptogenesis (Fig. 2): A variety of acute insults to the brain including brain injury, SE, and ischemic stroke lead to a homotypic brain response consisting of acute downregulation of ADK, rapid increase in extracellular adenosine, downregulation of A1Rs and upre