Preferably, the resistive layer is capable of generating a sustained temperature of greater than 200??? F., 350??? F., 400??? F., 500??? F., 1200??? F. or 2200??? F. In various other embodiments, the resistive heater includes an electrically insulating layer (e.g., a layer including aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide) between the substrate and the resistive layer; an adhesion layer (e.g., one inclu