The evolution of the blues in the early twentieth century pioneered by musicians such as W.C. Handy, Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith and Robert Johnson inspired the creation of jazz (Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday, among many others) and, in the 1940s-50s, rhythm and blues (Fats Domino, Little Richard) and its racial tempering into rock ???n??? roll (Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hend