The hearings resulted in the blacklisting of many actors, writers and directors, including Paddy Chayefsky, Charlie Chaplin, and Dalton Trumbo, and many fled to Europe, especially Britain, director Joseph Losey among them.The Cold War era???s paranoia was evident in films of invading armies of evil aliens in Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and The War of the Worlds, and communist fifth columnists