The first and/or second active agent can also be a drug other than an antibiotic, such as an anti-inflammatory agent, such as a selective COX-2 inhibitor. [0101] When an active agent effective against gram-negative bacteria is selected for co-therapy, co-administration, or co-formulation, it can illustratively be selected from aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, diaminopyridines, fluroquinolones, sul