The A:B linkage may be covalent or non-covalent and some linkage chemistries known to the art that can be used are disclosed by, e.g., Bard et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,221,605 and 5,310,687). ???B??? is further linked to a binding reagent such as an antibody, antigen, nucleic acid, pharmaceutical or other suitable substance for forming a binding domain that can bind to one or more analytes of interes