The absorbance at around 1440???nm and 1927???nm in the spectrum of FBS could be due to the vibrations of the O???H groups in carbohydrates and water, since FBS contained both carbohydrates and water and these two components provide similar O???H stretching and bending modes at around 1440???nm and 1927???nm [19???22].Figure 3: FT-NIR spectra of FBS and their main ingredients including wheat flour