In genres that range from poetry to fiction to memoir, Jewish women writers represent instances of oppression and persecution in the 20th and 21st centuries, such as the Holocaust, as Alicia Ostriker does in The Eighth and Thirteenth (1994); the conflict in the Middle East, as Val??rie Zenatti does in A Bottle in the Gaza Sea (2008); and racial and ethnic persecution in Israeli society, as Neh