Such cells are referred to herein as human placental stem cells or embryonic-like stem cells. [0025] In one particular embodiment of the invention, cells, for example cells endogenous to bone marrow or to a postpartum perfused placenta, including, but not limited to, embryonic-like stem cells, progenitor cells such as CD34+ or CD133+ cells, pluripotent cells and multipotent cells, are exposed to t