Leptin is mainly produced by adipocytes and informs the hypothalamus about the energy stores available in the adipose tissue.54,59,60 Leptin inhibits the appetite and metabolic pathways and stimulates the catabolic pathways.59,60 In addition to the adipose tissue, other sources of leptin have been described, e.g.: liver, stomach, and placenta.60 Vatten et al.61 found a positive association between