Keywords: Cytogenetic analysis; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Leukemia, myeloid Introduction The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and secondary myeloproliferative syndromes (MPS) constitute a group of myeloid neoplasias (MNs) which result from exposure to risk factors such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, acquired aplastic anemia associated with immunosuppression and co