egrin ??v??6 mRNA and/or protein in lung tissue in an individual not treated with the TLR agonist. [0056] In some embodiments, an ???effective amount??? of a TLR agonist is an amount effective to increase at least one parameter of lung function, e.g., an effective amount of a TLR agonist increases at least one parameter of lung function by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%