e, quoterylene, and circumanthracene; derivatives (such as triphenodioxazine, triphenodithiazine, hexacene-6,15-quinone) in which some of carbon atoms of polyacenes are substituted with atoms such as N, S, and O or with a functional group such as a carbonyl group; polymers such as polyvinyl carbazoles, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyvinylene sulfide; and polycyclic condensation products described