Fannie Mae[9] and Freddie Mac;[10] and foreign banks ABN Amro,[11] Barclays,[12] Credit Suisse,[13] Deutsche Bank,[14] Royal Bank of Scotland,[15] and UBS.[16] DPAs and NPAs were unknown before 1993 and virtually unheard of prior to 2004; but over the last decade, the DOJ and other federal agencies have entered into at least 278 such agreements with companies.[17] Corporate fines and forfeitures