num) or nanoclusters; enzymes (e.g., horseradish peroxidase, beta-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase); colorimetric labels (e.g., dyes, colloidal gold, and the like); magnetic labels (e.g., Dynabeads???); and biotin, dioxigenin or other haptens and proteins for antisera or monoclonal antibodies are available.