The presence of at least four species endemic to the state of Rio de Janeiro attest to the importance of the PETP as a conservation unit for anuran species, which are currently facing a worldwide decline due to factors such as global climate change, pollution, habitat loss, and the spread of diseases such as chytridiomycosis (e.g. YOUNG et al. 2004, TOLEDO et al. 2006, NAVAS & OTANI 2007).